Introduction In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and international software cost $12.5 billion to the software industry, with a loss of $2.2 billion in the United States alone. Estimates show that over 40 percent of U.S. software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry’s piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders.
The Software Publishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States was obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in co
orporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original software and then load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Information can qualify to be property in two ways; patent law and co
opyright laws which are creations of federal statutes, pursuant to Constitutional grant of legislative authority. In order for the government to prosecute the unauthorized copying of computerized information as theft, it must first rely on other theories of information-as-property. Trade se

The Software Publishers Association (SPA) funds a educational program to inform individuals and corporations about software use and the law. This program provides all PC users with the tools needed to comply with copyright law and become software legal. The SPA also publishes brochures free of charge about the legal use of software for individuals and businesses. It helps corporations to understand the copyright law is a 12-minute videotape, which is composed of the most commonly asked questions an

Shareware, freeware and public domain are different type of software available to the end user, and are distinguished by different rules about how programs may be distributed, copied, used and modified. The term ‘shareware’ refers to software that is distributed at a low cost, but which requires usually a payment after a certain time period and registration for full use. Copies of this software are offered on a trial basis, the end user is free to try a scaled down version of the program. If the end user wants the shareware program, included in the program is information specifying how to register the program and what fee is required. Once registered the end user will typically receive a printed manual, an updated copy of the software (often with additional features), and the legal right to use the program in their home or business. The advantage that shareware has is that it lets the end user thoroughly test a program to see if it=s useful before making a purchase. The authors of shareware programs retain their copyright on the contents, and as other copyrighted software should not be pirated. Freeware is also distributed at a very low cost and like shareware is found mainly on the Internet. The authors of the freeware program do not expect payment for their software. Typically, freeware programs are small utilities or incomplete programs that are released by authors for the potential benefit to others, but the drawback to this is that there is no technical support. Public domain software is generally found on the Internet and is released without any condition upon its use. It may be copied, modified and distributed as the end user wishes to do. A license manager is a system utility-like application that controls or monitors the use of another end-user application. It is generally implemented to protect intellectual property (meaning to stop illegal copying) and/or to become more competitive by offering new ways in which to evaluate, purchase and pay for software. Since the license manager controls the number of application users, there is not a need to control the number of application copies. This process lets the end user run one or more applications between machines, without violating the terms of the license agreement.
SPA has created a program that companies can use to help discover and correct problems before they result in legal actions, fines and also negative publicity. The eight point program is as follows:
1. Appoint a software manager to implement and monitor all aspects of
company software policy.
2. Implement a software codes of ethics for everyone to adhere to. The
ethics should state that copyrighted software, except for backup and
archival purposes, is a violation of the law.
3. Establish a procedure for acquiring and registering software.
Determine your companies software needs, evaluate software packages,
and also have supervisors approve the plans. Keep the lines of
communication open.
4. Establish and maintain a software log. The log should state the
date of when the software was acquired, the registration of it, serial
number, network version, location of where the software is in use,
where the original is, licensing agreement and the location of the
original disks.
5. Conduct periodic audits or on a as needed basis comparing the
software log and/or other purchase records.
6. Establish a program to educate and train your employees about every
aspect of software and its uses.
7. Maintain a library of software licenses and provide users with
copies of the agreement.
8. Having done the above seven points, the company can benefit by
having obtained software legally, receive full documentation,
technical support when needed and also upgrade notices.
Software license agreements emerged as the most popular means of protection of proprietary rights in computer software. They coexist with other forms of intellectual property rights as patent and copyright. Software license agreements serve several functions in transactions involving the transfer of computer technology. One of the most important legal functions is the protection of the proprietary rights of the licenser in the transferred software. Other functions include controlling the revenue generated by licensed software and determining the rights and responsibilities of the parties regarding the performance of the licensed technology. Issue related to these functions include the applicability of Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code, including offer and disclaimer of warranties, determining the appropriate types of licenses to utilize, such as single users/CPU licenses, Site/enterprise licenses and network/concurrent licenses. Trade secret, copyright and patent law are Astatic@ forms of protection in the sense that they may exist independently of any underlying business transactions and do not necessarily require any transfer of intellectual property from one party to another.
Consclusion A computer is useless without software. The two types of software typically found on a computer are operating systems software and application software. Operating system software ‘provides interface’ that makes it easier to develop programs for the system by reducing the amount of code that must be written. The operating system acts as an interface between the computer hardware, application programs and the end user. Application software consists of one or more computer program that fulfill a specific function for the user like word processing, bookkeeping or financial analysis.
Words
Domestic – namų, naminis;
Estimate – įvertinimas;
Revenue – pajamos;
Occurre – būti, rastis;
Indicate – parodyti, nurodyti;
Approximately – maždaug, arti;
Prior – ankstesnis, pirmesnysis;
Consent – sutikimas, leidimas;
Node licenses – pridėtinės licenzijos;
Vendor – pardavėjas, smulkus prekiautojas;
Advancement – progresas;
Applicability – pritaikomas, tinkamas;
Disclaimer – atsisakymas, išsižadėjimas;
Transactions – susitarimas, sandėris;
Determine – apibrėžti;
Consideration – apgalvojimas, svarstymas;
Literature:
1. English world of Computers (Part 1)
2. English world of Computers (Part 2)
3. http://www.gamedev.net/community/forums/
4. http://www.techwarelabs.com/